GS2: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations
This paper evaluates the candidate's understanding of India's institutional architecture, democratic governance, social equity systems, and global diplomatic strategies.
1. Syllabus Modules & Core Indices
- Module 1: Indian Polity & Constitution: Constitutionalism, fundamental rights, federal structures, union/state executive-legislature dynamics, and judiciary systems.
- Module 2: Governance & Administrative Reforms: E-governance, transparency & accountability, civil services in a democracy, and police & prison reforms.
- Module 3: Social Justice & Equity: Poverty, hunger, human resource development, education, and protection of vulnerable groups (women, children, minorities, SC/ST, PWD, elderly).
- Module 4: Health Systems & Justice: Universal health coverage, primary/preventive health systems, AYUSH, mental health policies, and tribal health.
- Module 5: Development Policies & Education: Design and implementation of development policy reforms, including the National Education Policy (NEP 2020).
- Module 6: Welfare Schemes Architecture: Central schemes, social security systems, rural employment (MGNREGA), housing (PMAY), water (JJM), and agricultural welfare (PM-KISAN).
- Module 7: International Relations & Geopolitics: India's neighborhood policies, bilateral relations with major powers, regional & global groupings, and multilateral reforms.
2. Conclusion
Success in the GS2 paper requires transitioning from "legalistic and procedural administration" to "substantive-saturated, justice-verified, and digitally-empowered citizen-centric governance."